Entity Classes

Overview

In Komapper, the Kotlin classes corresponding to database tables are called entity classes.

Mapping definitions using annotations are necessary to map entity classes to tables.

KSP parses the mapping definitions at compile-time and generates metamodels.

The metamodels are used in the construction and execution of queries.

Entity class definitions

Entity classes must meet the following requirements:

  • Be a Data Class
  • Visibility is not private
  • No type parameter

For example, suppose we have the following table definition:

create table if not exists ADDRESS (
  ADDRESS_ID integer not null auto_increment,
  STREET varchar(500) not null,
  VERSION integer not null,
  CREATED_AT timestamp,
  UPDATED_AT timestamp,
  constraint pk_ADDRESS primary key(ADDRESS_ID)
);

The entity class definition corresponding to the above table definition is as follows:

data class Address(
  val id: Int = 0,
  val street: String,
  val version: Int = 0,
  val createdAt: LocalDateTime? = null,
  val updatedAt: LocalDateTime? = null,
)

See Data Types for type mapping between properties and columns.

Mapping definitions

There are two ways to create a mapping definition:

  1. Entity class itself has its own mapping definition (self mapping)
  2. A separate class from the entity class has the mapping definition (separation mapping)

Only one way can be applied to the same entity class.

Self mapping

The entity class must satisfy the following conditions in addition to the requirements described in the previous section:

  • Annotated by @KomapperEntity

For example, applying self mapping to the Address class shown in the previous section would result in the following:

@KomapperEntity
data class Address(
  @KomapperId
  @KomapperAutoIncrement
  @KomapperColumn(name = "ADDRESS_ID")
  val id: Int = 0,
  val street: String,
  @KomapperVersion
  val version: Int = 0,
  @KomapperCreatedAt
  val createdAt: LocalDateTime? = null,
  @KomapperUpdatedAt
  val updatedAt: LocalDateTime? = null,
)

Separation mapping

Mapping classes must meet the following requirements:

  • Be a Data Class
  • Visibility is not private
  • No type parameter
  • Annotated with @KomapperEntityDef and accepts entity class as argument
  • No properties with names different from those defined in the entity class

For example, applying separation mapping to the Address class shown in the previous section would result in the following:

@KomapperEntityDef(Address::class)
data class AddressDef(
  @KomapperId
  @KomapperAutoIncrement
  @KomapperColumn(name = "ADDRESS_ID")
  val id: Nothing,
  @KomapperVersion
  val version: Nothing,
  @KomapperCreatedAt
  val createdAt: Nothing,
  @KomapperUpdatedAt
  val updatedAt: Nothing,
)

For properties that do not appear in the separation mapping, the default mapping definitions apply. In the above example, the street property that appears in the entity class is mapped to the STREET column even though it does not appear in the separation mapping.

There are no restrictions on the types of properties in the separation mapping. We use Nothing in the above example.

Metamodels

From a mapping definition, a metamodel is generated in the form of an implementation of the org.komapper.core.dsl.metamodel.EntityMetamodel interface.

The generated metamodel instance will be an extension property of the org.komapper.core.dsl.Meta object. Applications can use this property to construct queries.

// get a generated metamodel
val a = Meta.address

// define a query
val query = QueryDsl.from(a).where { a.street eq "STREET 101" }.orderBy(a.id)

aliases

In the above example, the name of the extended property is address. However, this can be changed with the @KomapperEntity or @KomapperEntityDef aliases property.

@KomapperEntity(aliases = ["addr"])
data class Address(
  ...
)

Multiple names can be specified for the aliases property. In this case, each name is exposed as a different instance. The primary use cases that require multiple different instances are self-joins and sub-queries.

@KomapperEntity(aliases = ["employee", "manager"])
data class Employee(
  ...
)

For example, to get a list of managers, create the following query using the above definition:

val e = Meta.employee
val m = Meta.manager
val query: Query<List<Employee>> = QueryDsl.from(m)
  .distinct()
  .innerJoin(e) {
    m.employeeId eq e.managerId
  }

Even if you do not define a metamodel with a name in advance, you can use the clone function to achieve the same thing:

val e = Meta.employee
val m = e.clone()
val query: Query<List<Employee>> = QueryDsl.from(m)
  .distinct()
  .innerJoin(e) {
    m.employeeId eq e.managerId
  }

unit

In the above example, it is org.komapper.core.dsl.Meta that has the address extended property. However, this can be changed with the @KomapperEntity or @KomapperEntityDef unit property.

object MyMeta

@KomapperEntity(unit = MyMeta::class)
data class Address(
  ...
)

When defined as above, the specified object in the unit property will have the address extended property:

// get a generated metamodel
val a = MyMeta.address

// define a query
val query = QueryDsl.from(a).where { a.street eq "STREET 101" }.orderBy(a.id)

clone

The clone function can be used to generate another metamodel based on an existing metamodel. The primary use case is to copy data to a table with the same data structure but different names.

val a = Meta.address
val archive = a.clone(table = "ADDRESS_ARCHIVE")
val query = QueryDsl.insert(archive).select {
  QueryDsl.from(a).where { a.id between 1..5 }
}

If you want to expose the cloned metamodel like any other metamodel, use the object to hold the instance and define the extension properties of the Meta object.

object MetamodelHolder {
  private val _addressArchive = Meta.address.clone(table = "ADDRESS_ARCHIVE")
  val Meta.addressArchive get() = _addressArchive
}

define

A default WHERE clause can be defined for a metamodel using the define function. This is useful when you want to always use the same search criteria when using a particular metamodel.

object MetamodelHolder {
  private val _bostonOnly = Meta.department.define { d ->
    where {
      d.location eq "BOSTON"
    }
  }
  val Meta.bostonOnly get() = _bostonOnly
}

The bostonOnly metamodel above generates SQL with a WHERE clause, even though no search criteria are specified in the query.

val d = Meta.bostonOnly
val query = QueryDsl.from(d)
/*
select t0_.DEPARTMENT_ID, t0_.DEPARTMENT_NO, t0_.DEPARTMENT_NAME, t0_.LOCATION, t0_.VERSION from DEPARTMENT as t0_ where t0_.LOCATION = ?
*/

If the query has a WHERE clause, the search criteria are concatenated with the AND predicate.

val d = Meta.bostonOnly
val query = QueryDsl.from(d).where { d.departmentNo greaterEq 0 }
/*
select t0_.DEPARTMENT_ID, t0_.DEPARTMENT_NO, t0_.DEPARTMENT_NAME, t0_.LOCATION, t0_.VERSION from DEPARTMENT as t0_ where t0_.LOCATION = ? and t0_.DEPARTMENT_NO >= ?
*/

This feature is valid even if the defined metamodel is the target of the join.

val e = Meta.employee
val d = Meta.bostonOnly
val query = QueryDsl.from(e).innerJoin(d) {
  e.departmentId eq d.departmentId
}
/*
select t0_.EMPLOYEE_ID, t0_.EMPLOYEE_NO, t0_.EMPLOYEE_NAME, t0_.MANAGER_ID, t0_.HIREDATE, t0_.SALARY, t0_.DEPARTMENT_ID, t0_.ADDRESS_ID, t0_.VERSION from EMPLOYEE as t0_ inner join DEPARTMENT as t1_ on (t0_.DEPARTMENT_ID = t1_.DEPARTMENT_ID) where t1_.LOCATION = ?
*/

It is valid not only for SELECT statements but also for UPDATE and DELETE statements.

val d = Meta.bostonOnly
val query = QueryDsl.delete(d).all()
/*
delete from DEPARTMENT as t0_ where t0_.LOCATION = ?
*/

If you want to pass parameters to the default WHERE clause, you can define it as an extension function. Note, however, that the metamodel will be a different instance each time.

object MetamodelHolder {
    fun Meta.locationSpecificDepartment(value: String) = Meta.department.define { d ->
        where {
            d.location eq value
        }
    }
}

Here is an example of calling the above extension function.

val d = Meta.locationSpecificDepartment("NEW YORK")
val query = QueryDsl.from(d)
val list = db.runQuery { query }

List of annotations for classes

All annotations described here belong to the org.komapper.annotation package.

@KomapperEntity

Indicates that the entity class has a mapping definition. It has aliases and unit property.

@KomapperEntity(aliases = ["addr"])
data class Address(
  ...
)

@KomapperEntityDef

Indicates that the class is a mapping definition. You can specify the entity and aliases and unit properties.

@KomapperEntityDef(entity = Address::class, aliases = ["addr"])
data class AddressDef(
  ...
)

@KomapperTable

Explicitly specifies the table name.

@KomapperEntityDef(Address::class)
@KomapperTable("ADDRESS", schema = "ACCOUNT", alwaysQuote = true)
data class AddressDef(
  ...
)

The catalog and schema properties indicates the name of the catalog or schema to which the table belongs.

If the alwaysQuote property is set to true, the identifier in the generated SQL will be quoted.

If the table name is not specified in this annotation, the name will be resolved according to the komapper.namingStrategy option in the annotation process. See also Options.

@KomapperProjection

Enables projecting the results of a query into an entity.

@KomapperEntity
@KomapperProjection
data class Address(
  ...
)

The function property allows you to specify the name of the generated extension function. If not specified, the name will be selectAs + the simple name of the entity class, like selectAsAddress. The extension function is generated for both SelectQuery and TemplateSelectQueryBuilder.

The extension function for SelectQuery can be used as follows:

val e = Meta.employee

val query: Query<List<Address>> = QueryDsl.from(e)
    .where { e.employeeName startsWith "S" }
    .selectAsAddress(
        version = e.version,
        addressId = e.employeeId,
        street = concat(e.employeeName, " STREET"),
    )

The extension function for TemplateSelectQueryBuilder can be used as follows:

val sql = "select address_id, street, version from address order by address_id"
val query: Query<List<Address>> = QueryDsl.fromTemplate(sql).selectAsAddress()

If you want to enable projection for all entity classes without using this annotation, you can use the komapper.enableEntityProjection option in the annotation processing.

See also Options.

List of annotations for properties

All annotations described here belong to the org.komapper.annotation package.

@KomapperId

Indicates that it is a primary key. To represent a composite primary key, you may specify this annotation more than one in a single entity class.

If the virtual property is set to true, then SCHEMA Queries will not consider the annotated property as a primary key.

@KomapperId(virtual = true)
val id: Int

@KomapperSequence

Indicates that the primary key is generated by a database sequence. Must always be given with @KomapperId.

The type of the property to which this annotation is given must be one of the following:

  • Int
  • Long
  • UInt
  • Value class with a property of one of the above types
@KomapperId
@KomapperSequence(name = "ADDRESS_SEQ", startWith = 1, incrementBy = 100)
val id: Int

The name property must be the name of the sequence. You can also specify a catalog in the catalog property and a schema in the schema property.

The values of the startWith and incrementBy properties must match the database sequence definition.

If the alwaysQuote property is set to true, the identifier in the generated SQL will be quoted.

@KomapperAutoIncrement

Indicates that the primary key is generated by the auto-increment column of the database. Must always be given with @KomapperId.

The type of the property to which this annotation is given must be one of the following:

  • Int
  • Long
  • UInt
  • Value class with a property of one of the above types

@KomapperVersion

Indicates that this is the version number used for optimistic locking.

When this annotation is specified, optimistic locking is performed for UPDATE and DELETE operations.

The type of the property to which this annotation is given must be one of the following:

  • Int
  • Long
  • UInt
  • Value class with a property of one of the above types

@KomapperCreatedAt

Indicates the timestamp at the time of insertion.

If this annotation is given, the timestamp is set to the property in the INSERT process.

The type of the property to which this annotation is given must be one of the following:

  • java.time.Instant
  • java.time.LocalDateTime
  • java.time.OffsetDateTime
  • kotlinx.datetime.Instant
  • kotlinx.datetime.LocalDateTime
  • Value class with a property of one of the above types

@KomapperUpdatedAt

Indicates that this is the timestamp at the time of update.

If this annotation is given, the timestamp is set to the property in the INSERT and UPDATE process.

The type of the property to which this annotation is given must be one of the following:

  • java.time.Instant
  • java.time.LocalDateTime
  • java.time.OffsetDateTime
  • kotlinx.datetime.Instant
  • kotlinx.datetime.LocalDateTime
  • Value class with a property of one of the above types

@KomapperEnum

Explicitly specifies how to map the enum property to the column.

@KomapperEnum(EnumType.ORDINAL)
val color: Color // Assume that this color property corresponds to the Color enum class

The type property of @KomapperEnum can be one of the following:

EnumType.NAME
map the name property of Enum class to the string type column.
EnumType.ORDINAL
map the ordinal property of Enum class to the integer type column.
EnumType.PROPERTY
map an arbitrary property of Enum class to the column. The name of the property to be mapped must be specified in the hint property of @KomapperEnum.
EnumType.TYPE
map the Enum class to the enum type column. Note that a user-defined data type corresponding to the Enum class is required.
enum class Color(val code: String) { RED("r"), GREEN("g"), BLUE("b") }

@KomapperEntity
data class Box(
    @KomapperId
    val id: Int,
    @KomapperEnum(EnumType.NAME)
    val top: Color,
    @KomapperEnum(EnumType.ORDINAL)
    val bottom: Color,
    @KomapperEnum(EnumType.PROPERTY, hint = "code")
    val side: Color
)

If @KomapperEnum is not specified, the mapping method is resolved according to the komapper.enumStrategy option in the annotation processing.

See also Options.

@KomapperColumn

Explicitly specifies the name of the column to be mapped to the property.

@KomapperColumn(name = "ADDRESS_ID", alwaysQuote = true, masking = true)
val id: Nothing

If the alwaysQuote property is set to true, the identifier in the generated SQL will be quoted.

If the masking property is set to true, the corresponding data will be masked in the log.

If the updatable property is set to false, the column is excluded from default UPDATE statements generated by update() and insert().onDuplicateKeyUpdate() DSLs, unless those have explicit set {} blocks.

If the alternateType property is used, the SQL type to be mapped can be changed. See Alternate types for mode details.

If the column name is not specified in this annotation, the name will be resolved according to the komapper.namingStrategy option in the annotation process.

See also Options.

@KomapperIgnore

Indicates that it is not subject to mapping.

@KomapperEmbeddedId

Indicates an Embedded Value for a composite primary key.

data class EmoloyeeId(val id1: Int, val id2: String)

@KomapperEntity
data class Employee(@KomapperEmbeddedId val id: EmoloyeeId, val name: String)

If the virtual property is set to true, then SCHEMA Queries will not consider the annotated property as a composite primary key.

data class EmoloyeeId(val id1: Int, val id2: String)

@KomapperEntity
data class Employee(@KomapperEmbeddedId(virtual = true) val id: EmoloyeeId, val name: String)

@KomapperEmbedded

Indicates an Embedded Value.

data class Money(val amount: BigDecimal, val currency: String)

@KomapperEntity
data class Employee(@KomapperId val id: Int, @KomapperEmbedded val salary: Money)

@KomapperEnumOverride

Applies @KomapperEnum to an Enum property in an Embedded Value.

enum class Currency { JPY, USD }

data class Money(val amount: BigDecimal, val currency: Currency)

@KomapperEntity
data class Employee( 
  @KomapperId
  val id: Int,
  @KomapperEmbedded
  @KomapperEnumOverride("currency", KomapperEnum(EnumType.ORDINAL))
  val salary: Money
)

@KomapperColumnOverride

Applies @KomapperColumn to a property in an Embedded Value.

data class Money(val amount: BigDecimal, val currency: String)

@KomapperEntity
data class Employee( 
  @KomapperId
  val id: Int,
  @KomapperEmbedded
  @KomapperColumnOverride("amount", KomapperColumn("SALARY_AMOUNT"))
  @KomapperColumnOverride("currency", KomapperColumn("SALARY_CURRENCY"))
  val salary: Money
)
Last modified October 13, 2024: Document @KomapperColumn.updatable attribute (97b4573)